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Mitoxantrone as a potential therapy for primary progressive multiple sclerosis

Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA

Mariko Kita

Virginia Mason Multiple Sclerosis Center, Seattle, WA, USA

Daniel Pelletier

Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA

Robert J Fox

Department of Neurology, Mellen Center for MS, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA

Jerome Stone

Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA

Donald E Goodkin

Multiple Sclerosis Therapeutics, Biogen, Cambridge, MA, USA

Scott S Zamvil

Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA, zamvil{at}ucsf.neuroimmunol.org

Mitoxantrone (Novantrone®) was the first drug approved in western Europe and North A merica for treatment of secondary progressive multiple sclerosis (SPMS) and progressive relapsing MS (PRMS). Pharmacological properties of mitoxantrone, its role in SPMS, the study rational and design of an ongoing multi-centre, double blind, randomized, placebo -controlled phase 2 trial will be outlined in this article.

Key Words: genetics • immunology • magnetic resonance imaging • multiple sclerosis • pathology • primary progressive • therapies

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