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In-vivo evidence for stable neuroaxonal damage in the brain of patients with benign multiple sclerosis

Neuroimaging Research Unit, Scientific Institute and University Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Department of Neurology, Scientific Institute and University Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy

M Rovaris

Neuroimaging Research Unit, Scientific Institute and University Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Multiple Sclerosis Center, Scientific Institute Don Gnocchi, Milan, Italy

MA Rocca

Neuroimaging Research Unit, Scientific Institute and University Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Department of Neurology, Scientific Institute and University Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy

D Caputo

Multiple Sclerosis Center, Scientific Institute Don Gnocchi, Milan, Italy

M Zaffaroni

Multiple Sclerosis Center, Ospedale di Gallarate, Gallarate, Italy

R Capra

Multiple Sclerosis Center, Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy

A Bertolotto

Multiple Sclerosis Center, Ospedale San Luigi, Orbassano, Italy

V Martinelli

Department of Neurology, Scientific Institute and University Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy

G Comi

Department of Neurology, Scientific Institute and University Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy

M Filippi

Neuroimaging Research Unit, Scientific Institute and University Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Department of Neurology, Scientific Institute and University Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italyfilippi.massimo{at}hsr.it

Objective

The term benign multiple sclerosis (BMS) is referred to patients who have a mild or absent disability several years after disease clinical onset. Axonal damage can be measured in vivo using proton MR spectroscopy (¹H-MRS). In this study, we quantified the severity of "global" axonal damage in BMS and early relapsing–remitting (RR) MS patients, using whole brain N-acetylaspartate (WBNAA) ¹H-MRS, to better elucidate the structural correlates of a non-disabling disease evolution.

Methods

WBNAA concentration was measured in 37 patients with BMS (mean disease duration 22.3 years) and 17 patients with early RRMS (mean disease duration 4.0 years), using an unlocalized ¹H-MRS sequence. Dual echo and T1-weighted scans were also obtained to measure T2-hyperintense lesion volume (TLV) and normalized brain volume (NBV).

Results

TLV was higher in BMS (mean TLV = 13.1 mL) than in early RRMS patients (mean TLV = 7.2 mL) (P = 0.018), whereas neither NBV (mean NBV: 1491.0 mL in BMS vs 1520.3 mL in RRMS) nor WBNAA concentration (mean WBNAA: 10.5 mmol in BMS vs 11.4 mmol in RRMS) significantly differed between the two groups. In MS patients, no correlation was found between WBNAA concentration and Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS), TLV and NBV.

Conclusions

The similar WBNAA concentrations seen in BMS and early RRMS patients fit with the notion that a non-disabling long-term evolution of MS may be due, at least in part, to non-progression of pathology. Such a condition seems to be independent from MRI-visible lesions burden.

Key Words: axonal damage • benign • MR spectroscopy • multiple sclerosis • relapsing-remitting

This version was published on July 1, 2009

Multiple Sclerosis, Vol. 15, No. 7, 789-794 (2009)
DOI: 10.1177/1352458509103714


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