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Multiple Sclerosis
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Urinary markers of disease activity in multiple sclerosis

G Giovannoni

Departments of Clinical Neurology and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK

E J Thompson

Departments of Clinical Neurology and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK

Numerous markers of disease activity, representing different aspects of the inflammatory cascade and pathogenic process in multiple sclerosis, can be detected in the urine. Urinary monitoring provides distinct advantages over blood and cerebrospinal fluid: it is easier to collect, allows frequent sampling and acts as a natural integrator by capturing the excretion of a substance over a prolonged period of time. We will discuss the principles, advantages, and pitfalls of urinary monitoring in relationship to multiple sclerosis.

Key Words: multiple sclerosis • urine • neopterin

Multiple Sclerosis, Vol. 4, No. 3, 247-253 (1998)
DOI: 10.1177/135245859800400330
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