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Multiple Sclerosis, Vol. 12, No. 6,
787-793 (2006)
DOI: 10.1177/1352458506070933
© 2006 SAGE Publications
The Rao’s Brief Repeatable Battery and Stroop test: normative values with age, education and gender corrections in an Italian population
M P Amato
Department of Neurology, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy, mariapia.amato{at}unifi.it
E Portaccio
Department of Neurology, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy
B Goretti
Department of Neurology, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy
V Zipoli
Department of Neurology, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy
L Ricchiuti
Department of Neurology, University of Bari, 70100 Bari, Italy
M F De Caro
Department of Neurology, University of Bari, 70100 Bari, Italy
F Patti
Multiple Sclerosis Centre, University of Catania, 95126 Catania, Italy
R Vecchio
Multiple Sclerosis Centre, University of Catania, 95126 Catania, Italy
S Sorbi
Department of Neurology, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy
M Trojano
Department of Neurology, University of Bari, 70100 Bari, Italy
The Brief Repeatable Battery of Neuropsychological Tests (BRB) is by far the most widely used instrument to estimate cognitive dysfunction in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients. However, the paucity of normative data currently limits its applicability. We administered the BRB to 200 healthy subjects to obtain normative values. Moreover, we assessed the influence of demographic factors on the test scores and calculated corrections for these relevant factors. To test executive functions not explored by the BRB, we also included the Stroop word-color task (ST). Higher educational level was associated with better performance on all the tests, except for the world list generation (WLG) and the ST, considering version A, and on Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT), Paced Auditory Serial Addition Test (PASAT) and Selective Reminding Test-Delayed (SRT-D), considering version B. Females performed better than males on the WLG considering version A, and on the SRT-Long Term Storage (SRT-LTS) and SRT-Consistent Long Term Retrieval (SRT-CLTR) considering version B. Increasing age was associated with worse performance on the ST in version A, and on the SRT-LTS, SRT-CLTR and WLG in version B. Our data can improve the applicability of the BRB for both clinical and research purposes.
Key Words: Brief Repeatable Battery • cognitive impairment • multiple sclerosis • normative values • Stroop test
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