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Smoking worsens the prognosis in multiple sclerosis
1 Department of Neurology, Umeå University Hospital, Umeå,
Sweden
* To whom correspondence should be addressed.
Objective To estimate the effect of smoking on the risk for progression in multiple sclerosis (MS). Methods Self-reported data were used on smoking habits in 122 incident cases with disability assessments made after a median of 6 years disease duration. Results Ever smokers were more likely to have progressive disease compared with never smokers
(P < 0.01). This was most pronounced in
ever smokers with early smoking debut ( Conclusion Past smoking is associated with a worsened prognosis in MS. The negative effect from smoking is most obvious in ever smokers with early smoking debut, which also affects MS phenotype significantly. Key Words: multiple sclerosis, phenotype, prognosis, progression, smoking
First published on July 16, 2008, doi:10.1177/1352458508093615 This article has been cited by other articles:
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15 years of age) for whom
progressive disease was significantly more likely and occurred at an earlier age,
compared with those with later smoking debut
(P < 0.01 for both) or never smokers
(P < 0.01 for both). Earlysmoking start also
predisposed to a progressive disease from onset when compared with never smokers
(P = 0.012). A multivariate Cox regression
analysis of sex, age at disease onset (above vs. under median) and smoking (ever vs.
never) status showed that cases with late disease onset had three times higher risk
and ever smokers had twice as high a risk for progression.
